Research Articles

Some Useful Articles on Theory, Principles and History of Cooperative Model:

SLIPPING THROUGH THE CRACKS: THE ORIGINS OF AIDED SELF-HELP HOUSING, 1918-1953
"Early history of aided self-help promises to be instructive in both technical and political terms..."
Richard Harris
Department of Geography, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada

'A BURP IN CHURCH': JACOB L.CRANE'S VISION OF AIDED SELF-HELP HOUSING
"Scholars have generally assumed that the idea of assisted self-help housing originated during the 1960s, notably in the writings of John F.C.Turner. In fact it was proposed by Patrick Geddes during an extended visit to India in the 1910s, and was first elaborated in the late 1940s by an American planner, Jacob L.Crane."
Richard Harris
Department of Geography, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada

THE SILENCE OF THE EXPERTS: 'AIDED SELF-HELP HOUSING', 1939-1954
"Those who have discussed aided self-help housing ('site-and-services') have generally assumed that the idea was first developed in the 1960s and became influential only after it was adopted by the World Bank in the 1970s. In fact, the theory and practise of aided self-help became well-developed during the 1940s and early 1950s. It was articulated most fully by Jacob L.Crane..."
Richard Harris

• The Cooperative Sector: by Alex F Laidlaw, Outline of a presentation at the Graduate Institute of cooperative Leadership, University of Missouri
• What is a co-operative?: "Co-operatives are based on the values of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity, and solidarity"
• And Then There Were Seven: Cooperative Principles Updated By Ann Hoyt, January 1996
• Statement on the Co-operative Identity: "A co-operative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise
• Co-operative Identity and Co-operative Management (1997) "Co-operative managers need a clear statement of their role and their specifically Co-operative identity in terms of Co-operative objectives"
• Co-operative Democracy in the CWS (1994): "Democracy" entails much more than simply casting a vote when it is time for elections to committees and the board
• Evolution of Cooperative Thought, Theory and Purpose: A review of past and recent developments in cooperative thought and theory
• What is Cooperation? The Philosophy of Cooperation and It's Relationship to Cooperative Structure and Operations: Dr.Frank Groves, "Cooperation represents a higher calling of mankind, and not all people respond to higher callings"